Computer Network

Computer network simply referred to as a network, is a group of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels. Network facilitates communications among users and allows users to divide resources.

History

Premature networks of communicating computers incorporated the military radar system Semi-Automatic Ground Environment and its relative the commercial airline reservation system Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment, started in the late 1950.

The Advanced Research Projects Agency started funding the design of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense in the 1960. The ARPANET evolved into the modern Internet.

Purpose

Computer networks can be used for a multiplicity of purposes:

            1. Make easy communications. Using a network, people can communicate proficiently and easily by email, instant messaging, video conference, video telephone calls, telephone and chat rooms.

2. Allotment resource. Each computer on a network may access and use hardware resources on the network, such as printing a document on a shared network printer in a networked environment.

3. Distribution files, data, and information. Authorized user may access data and information stored on another computer on the network. The potential of providing access to data and information on shared storage devices is an important feature of many networks.

           

4. Sharing software. Users may run application programs on remote computers.

           

Network classification

Computer networks can be classified consistent with the hardware and software that is used to interconnect the individual devices in the network, such as optical fiber, Ethernet, wireless LAN, HomePNA.

Ethernet defined by IEEE 802 develop various standards and mediums that enable communication between devices. By the devices of hubs, switches, bridges, or routers. Wireless LAN technology is designed to connect through the devices without wiring. These devices use radio waves or infrared signals as a transmission medium. ITU-T G.hn technology uses existing home wiring (coaxial cable, phone lines and power lines) to create a high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) local area network.

Gruphics Design

Fundamental

The Graphic Design of Drafting and Design at skills and knowledge to help graduates communicate dreams and concepts in the course of print and electronic media. The program emphasizes creativity, visualization and critical thinking to help generate technologically suitable and functional pleasing graphic design. Instruction in design theory, graphic design tools and media production is included. The program also includes hands-on applications using equipment and software.

High level course of Graphic Design

Graphic Design provides the opportunity to develop an understanding of color and work of art, design and typography, and drawing board skills. As they progress through the program, we can trained in creative problem solving and study to suggest solutions that are effective in the business world. This program also offers an opportunity to developed advanced graphic design skills and focus supplementary studies in associated art and design areas.

Visual Communication

Designed of the Visual Communication to inform and develop imaginative and artistic persons for careers in the fields of business art and design. Highlighting is placed on the development of the opinion process and the ability to solve design problems artistically. Peoples learn the main beliefs, practical applications and methodologies used in completing competent and artistic design solutions. this program can enter the above career fields depending on the specialization as Graphic Designers, Internet Web Designers, New Media Production Designers, Graphic Communications, Multimedia Designers, Graphic Designers for interactive Media, Digital Video Editors, and Commercial Production utilization non-linear editing.

Animation

In this profession people create or design effects on computers. However this sounds effortless sufficient, their work often requires them to know several different software programs with the purpose of edit or create images, graphics, sounds and video files, websites, 3D images, CD's and multimedia presentations.

The knowledge to create and edit images and graphics in Photoshop, and to use Macromedia Flash to create Internet presentations - The skill to use Adobe Premier to create and edit digital video and audio files - The training to use 3D Studio MAX to generate animations and 3D images - The ability the create interactive web sites.

Computer Software

Software is a collection of programs and that provide the instructions to a computer what to do and how to do it. We can also say software refers to one or much computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes. In another ways, software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation. In difference to hardware, software is insubstantial, meaning it "cannot be touched". Software is occasionally used in a more narrow sense, denotation application software only.

Examples of computer software consist of:

• Application software includes end-user applications of computers such as word processors or ERP software, and video games for each group of users.
• Distributed systems and Middleware control.
• Programming languages define the syntax and semantics. For example, many mature banking applications were written in the COBOL language. Often written in more modern programming languages for newer applications.
• System software includes operating systems, which regulation computing resources. Today large applications successively on remote machines such as websites are measured to be system software, because the end-user interface is generally through a graphical user interface, for example a web browser.
• Testware is a software for testing hardware or a software package.
• Firmware is low-level software often stored on electrically programmable memory devices.
• Device drivers manage parts of computers for instance disk drives, printers, CD drives, or computer monitors.
• Programming tools help perform computing tasks in any type listed over.

Computer software is so called to differentiate it from computer hardware, that encompasses the physical interconnections and devices mandatory to stockpile and run the software. The lowest executable code consists of machine language instructions particular to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values. Software can also be written in an assembly language, a mnemonic symbol of a machine language. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler

System software

System software provides the basic functions for computer practice and helps run the computer hardware and system. It includes a combination of the following:

• Device drivers
• Operating systems
• Servers
• Utilities
• Window systems

Programming software

Programming software typically provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs, and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include:

• Compilers
• Debuggers
• Interpreters
• Linkers
• Text editors

Application software

Application software is industrial to help in any mission that advantages from computation. It is a broad category, and encompasses software of many kinds. This category includes:

• Business software
• Databases
• Decision making software
• Educational software
• Image editing
• Industrial automation
• Mathematical software
• Medical software
• Molecular modeling software
• Quantum chemistry and solid state physics software
• Simulation software
• Spreadsheets

Computer Hardware

     The entity which made by the hard components, it is known as hardware. Also hardware is the entities which cannot be destroy by instruction.

     There are different kinds of hardware component. Such that processor, motherboard, ram, hard disk, disk drive that consist into a system unit.

 

      Processor: processor is a component which controls all of the systems. This is called by central processing unit (CPU).

      Motherboard: Motherboard is a holder of different components of a system unit like processor, RAM, harddisk , etc. It also known as printed circuit board (PCB). Motherboard has some expansion slot for attached expansion.

      RAM: RAM means Random Access Memory. It helps processor to complete process.

     Harddisk:  Harddisk is primary memory of computer systems. It is a medium of documents management. To store data harddisk separated by different tracks & sectors. If any problem of harddisk may show various signals, such that: Insufficient disk space; Bad partition table; Boot error;  current drive is no longer valid; cannot open catalog file; cannot perform a cycle copy; cannot read file allocation table; disk overflow; disk error writing; file allocation table bad; general failure; I/O error; etc.

There is some error recovery systems for resolve that problem. We can follow this.

     Another way there is more equipment in computer system, like Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard and so so.

Preface

      Network and Communication changing the way we do business and the way we live. Network is a interconnecting system between entity and human life. It is general concept of modern computer science. There are different protocol used for Network communication.     

        Communication systems definitely well-defined formats for exchanging messages. Every massages carry the particular meaning for receiver. 

In the information technology consist a lot of things. IT indicate the following topic:--------

 1. Hardware 

 2. Software

 3. Network

 4. Graphics

 5. Internet

       Also different things. Today's world can not run without computer communication. Like general life, health, education, scientific experiment, and so so.